Emergency First Aid Kits

Updated: Feb 2024

Emergency first aid kits are essential on all African hunting expeditions, even on a ranch hunt in South Africa. Not only are the 'normal' health hazards like heart attack, diabetic crises, anaphylactic shock, etc all possible events, you have the added into the mix - possible hazards from firearms, dangerous African game which includes plains game, remote unfamiliar terrain, lack of close top quality medical help...the list goes on.

Most African hunters will read in their hunt paperwork that their hunt outfitter provides a 'comprehensive' first aid kit in camp and in the hunting truck, so they will generally pack a small commercially produced first aid pouch of band-aids, blister pads, aspirins with other bits and bobs and trust to luck that nothing serious will happen.

So Ask Before Your Hunt...

• What is in the outfitter's first aid kits and whether the PH or other staff are trained to use it?
• How close the nearest medical facilities are to the hunt area and methods of medical evacuation?
• Does the outfitter keep a stock of snake anti-venom ampoules (within expiry date) in the camp fridge?

Don't forget you can determine the quality of your PH or outfitter by the importance he gives to his first aid kit. However, even when you get 100% satisfactory answers to your first aid questions, there could emergency situations in the African bush where you alone will need to act to save a life.

Get First Aid Training

• All African hunters should have some relevant and practical first aid and CPR training. You are not expected to become an emergency room physician or military field medic but you must have some knowledge of what to do in a wilderness emergency to help others and yourself. The more remote your hunting area, the more important this becomes.
• If you have no medical training whatsover, you can learn a lot online but nothing beats practical hands-on experience. There are plenty of basic first aid courses available. Better still are first aid courses specially designed for dealing with emergencies in remote locations with lots of information on what can be done with minimal medical supplies.
• If you are going to a particularly remote African hunting area, it will also be useful to carry some basic survival tools and learn some survival skills.

Find A First Aid & CPR Course

• Your local American Red Cross organization offer basic first aid courses.
• For more reputable advanced first aid courses tailored to wilderness emergencies, take a look at the courses offered by NOLS Wilderness Medicine and Wilderness Medical Associates International

Get Fit For An African Hunt

• Read more on health advice before your hunt. If you have a pre-existing medical condition, consult your physician regarding your upcoming hunt. Long haul travel and hunting stress, jet lag and time differences, different food, unaccustomed excercise and forgetting to take your meds could lead to you being a medical emergency in the field.
• Know your own physical limits and make sure your PH knows them from the start of the hunt. Don't feel pressured to go beyond your capabilities because you want to do good in front of your hunt team.

Get Good Medevac Insurance

• Read more on Global Rescue medevac insurance. They provide exceptional medevac cover - promptly picking up you or your sick or injured family member out of the field, supervising the whole of your medical care in Africa, your evacuation home and aftercare once there.
• Just as an aside, Global Rescue also provides quality travel and cancellation insurance.

Pre-made First Aid Kits

You could buy a pre-made first aid kit but they are all pretty useless unless you know what to do and how the components work.

Some comprehensive wilderness emergency first aid kits can be pretty big and heavy which is not ideal when hunting in Africa - you do not want to be lugging a ton of possibly unnecessary stuff in the field. There are some kits that breakdown into smaller pouches of items for carrying in the field.

Pay attention to the contents listed and their quality and quantity - with some kits you could practically do heart surgery in the bush while others may just provide a bit of gauze, a safety pin and 3 Q-tips. Most manufacturers make a range of kit sizes suitable for different emergency scenarios, so if you are going to buy one, make sure you get one with enough supplies for yourself and others in your party and the contents are suitable for your level of knowledge and your hunt location.

Once you've got your pre-made first aid kit, it is a good idea to lay everything out, examine the items and pack it again so you know exactly what you have and where to lay your hand on an item quickly. Don't break open any sterile packs though. You might want to split the contents into a handy pouch to take with you while hunting, a pack that can be left in your day bag on the truck and other stuff to remain in camp.

Examples Of Pre-made First Aid Kits

This Adventure Medical Sportsman Series 100 first aid is designed for hunters and other outdoors enthusiasts. This size contains contents for 1-2 people. Amongst other injuries, it has equipment for stopping bleeding from field injuries, animal attacks and knife wounds as well as stabilizing fractures and sprains. Buy Now

For larger groups of people ... Sportsman Series 200 for 4 people, the Sportsman Series 300 for 6 people and the Sportsman Series 400 for 10 people.

The full spec list of the contents can be found on Adventure Medical Kits

This first aid kit by Lightning X is packed with survival gear and first aid supplies to treat gunshot injuries and other trauma in the field which need bleeding control. It includes a tourniquet, burn dressing, chest seal and QuikClot hemostatic gauze. Buy Now

Build Your Own Hunting First Aid Kit

As an hunter in Africa, you may prefer to build your own first aid kit to suit your specific requirements...

On an African hunt, a medical emergency can happen anywhere - on the way to camp, in camp and in the truck when someone has forgotten to make their rifle safe, and of course when you are out in the bush on foot some distance from the hunting truck and hunting camp. So your first response aid items should be with you at all times carried in a pouch on your belt or in a backpack.

So it is a good idea to divide your first aid kit into 2 carrying bags or pouches ...

• One pouch to carry your basic first response items with you at all times. The most practical first aid pouches are designed for military personnel. Look for ones that are not too big or bulky when filled - about 8" x 2.5" x 5" should be adequate. Choose a rugged pouch that opens easily giving you a clear view and easy access to the equipment.
• One to carry your back-up kit which remains in your day bag on the hunting truck.

You can then juggle the contents according to your hunting plan for that day. For example, if you are planning for a very long hunt on foot, say for buffalo or elephant, which may take you a considerable distance from the truck, you may want to carry more first aid items with you. If you were planning a round of bait checking or short stalks for plainsgame near the truck, only the minimum kit may need to be carried with you.

Emergency First Aid Kits To Always Carry

This Condor Rip-Away EMT Pouch has a tri-fold design for easy access for the items which can be arranged in pockets and elastic loops. It has easy pull zippers and cinch buckle, Molle attachments and velcro for easy attachment to you or your backpack. 8" x 3.5" x 6". This is just the pouch without contents - you add your own. Buy Now

First aid pouches may also be bought with first aid contents. Always check the list of contents to decide whether they are what you need.

This 6" x 8.5" x 4.5" Everlit Emergency Trauma Kit contains the basic equipment for bleeding control, respiratory injury, hypothermia/shock and bone fractures. In was designed by US military veterans for any emergencies during the outdoor adventure, hunting, camping and travel. Buy Now

Many African hunters use a Camelbak in the bush for hydration on the go. Some Camelbak designs come with useful storage pockets where you can put your emergency first aid kit. For example ...

This rugged hydration pack is constructed from heavy-duty Cordura fabric and is resistant to tears and abrasion. The fully removable water bladder has a 3 litre (100 ounce) capacity. It has an external fill for rapid refill without having to remove reservoir from pack. There are top and bottom external zip pockets for holding essentials. Buy Now

What To Have In Your Field Emergency First Aid Kit

There are really only 3 important items to carry on your person in the African bush. The rest can stay in your IFAK (Individual First Aid Kit) pouch in your day bag on the hunting truck. If a serious emergency occurs, the truck can be radioed to come quickly or a person can usually be despatched back to the truck for the full first aid kit, whichever is judged to be faster. The truck may have to come cross-country to reach you which may be slow and difficult especially as the driver is alone with no one to slash a path through the bush, if necessary. However you should have enough CPR expertise and kit (plus your hunting knife or multi-tool to cut clothing) with you to immediately sustain the life of an injured person until help does arrive.

Emergency Israeli Bandages

These come in a 4", 6" or 12" width sizes and are sometimes known as 'Emergency Bandages' or 'Jerusalem Bandages'. They are a hugely versatile piece of kit used to staunch bleeding from wounds caused by traumatic injuries - in the case of a hunter, these could be gunshot wounds and animal gorings. A single Israeli bandage has a number of useful features - a non-stick wound pad on elasticated bandage that conforms easily to all body areas, a pressure applicator bar to provide instant pressure to slow bleeding and a closure bar to fix the bandage in place (no pins or tape needed). It can also be adapted to immobilise and splint a limb and as a tourniquet if necessary.

The 4" and 6" bandage sizes are ideal for any limb or smaller body wounds. In addition to the single pad bandages, they can be bought in a pack with a second loose or mobile pad which is very handy for covering entry and exit gunshot wounds or stuffing into a gaping wound. The 12" bandage is designed for abdominal wounds with an additional moist seal to cover any exposed organs.

The application of the bandage is simple, even for someone without any medical experience. Even an injured person could apply it single-handedly to his other arm. Cleverly, the tail of the bandage is hitched into the roll, detaching as you bind the wound, so when all your fingers turn into thumbs, the roll can't run away into the dirt.

Which size Israeli bandage to take hunting in Africa? Ideally take both sizes for different wound sizes but you may find the 4" easier to pack (even though you can reduce the amount of gauze, regular bandages and tape you carry in the bush). As the applied pressure from a 6" bandage is spread over a larger area it could be slower to take effect on a smaller wound. Also if you have a couple of 4" bandages you could apply them both, overlapping slightly, to a larger wound.

Here is a 4" Israeli bandage... Buy Now

6" Israeli Bandage

8" / 12" Israeli Multi Bandage with Moisture Seal for abdominal wounds.

Hemostatic Gauze Dressing

A hemostatic gauze dressing is the next essential item to carry with you in the bush to further control traumatic bleeding.

The Quikclot Combat Z-Fold Hemostatic Gauze is the most commonly known brand which can be purchased online from the Israeli First Aid website. The size is 3" x 114" (7.5 cm x 370 cm)

It is a soft, pliable gauze roll which is impregnated with kaolin which promotes coagulation. The 'Z-Fold' makes it easier to pack into a wound without the reel rolling away and getting contaminated. Buy Now

Another brand of hemostatic dressings is Celox Rapid Z-Folded Gauze which is 3" x 60" (7.5 cm x 152.4 cm). Celox also comes in the longer size 3" x 120" (7.5 cm x 304.8 cm)

This video is age-restricted but please watch if you need to learn how to use a hemostatic dressing.

Chest Seal

There is a 3rd emergency item that may be considered important to add to to your kit - a chest seal, if you have to deal with chest penetration trauma, such as from a gunshot wound, stab or gore wound. However, you need to be able to know when and when not to use it.

What is a chest seal?

It is basically a transparent elastic, tear resistant sticker that comes in a compact,easy-to-open foil pouch. It sticks over the hole in the chest to prevent air entering. There are 2 types - a unvented occlusive sticker or a vented sticker.

Essentially, a vented chest seal has built-in one-way valve - no air can get in, but any air can escape, reducing the likelihood of a tension pneumothorax. Some vented chest seals will also allow blood to drain, so help to prevent blood filling the chest cavity instead of air. A vented chest seal will only work properly on the front of the injured person, if he is lying on his back, so use an unvented chest seal on a back chest wound.

When to use a chest seal?

It is important that you check the whole chest area for entry and exit wounds first. You can get chest seal packs which can specifically be used for entry and exit wounds.

They need to be used if the chest wound is sucking air - if you see a bubbly wound that appears to be sucking air in and out, this means the wound penetrated the pleural cavity and will need a chest seal. When air collects between the lung and the chest wall, it is called a pneumothorax. When air pushes on the lungs, restricting breathing, it's called a tension pneumothorax which can be life-threatening.

Instead of trying to stop blood from escaping from the wound, you are are trying to stop air from entering the chest. So only after making sure the airway is open and controlling any major bleeding first, you can attend to the chest wound.

Examples Of Vented And Unvented Chest Seal Packs

This Hyfin Vent Chest Seal has 2 separately packaged vented chest seals for treatment of both entry/exit or multiple penetrating injuries. The 3-Vent channels prevent airflow into the chest cavity during inspiration while allowing air to escape through the vent channels during exhalation. Buy Now

This Everlit Occlusive Chest Seal is non-Vented which has an advanced adhesive for easy use seal in the most adverse conditions, including sweaty or hairy casualties. The chest seal dressing covers effective round area of 6" diameter. Buy Now

Optional Extras For Your Carry-With First Aid Kit

You could manage without the following things in a dire emergency but they make life easier and offer some protection when dealing with bodily fuids.

You might like to toss a few medical examination gloves in your carry-with first aid kit. Sterility is not a prime issue at this stage of an emergency, so the gloves need not be the tight sterile surgical type. Do get a slightly larger size than your usual glove size as they can be a struggle to get on with sweaty hands. If you are allergic to latex or corn starch powder get Powder-Free Exam Gloves

If you have to carry out CPR in the bush, an emergency CPR ventilation mask is compact and much simpler to use than an just an airway with a plastic sheet shield. It has a one-way valve, filter and provides an air-tight seal with the face allowing ventilation through both the mouth and nose. There are numerous pocket adult CPR masks available but the Laerdal Pocket Mask CPR Barrier Device is one of the better quality ones. Buy Now

Depending On Your Specific Hunt Scenario...

As an example, say you are in the wilderness, 10 miles from the truck tracking a wounded buffalo in the late aternoon and your PH gets gored or shot and sustains serious traumatic injury... Assuming you have done your best to stabilise the injured person with your Israeli bandage and Quikclot and called for help, you could be in for a quite a long wait in the dark. You will need to turn your attention to light, warmth and protection of your group with some basic survival items.

Though this list looks scarily long, all these items are lightweight and compact.

• Light sticks, such as Cyalume Snap Light Sticks which last 12 hours. Take about 3 sticks as they can fade before the 12 hours. They are useful for signalling your location as they can be seen about a mile away, they are waterproof so can be used in the rain and using them instead of torches will save your batteries. Make sure you don't get the 'toy' light sticks for children - choose industrial-use or military-use light sticks.
• A headlamp is obviously useful when you need to have both hands free or or walking in the bush in the dark. Read more about choosing a headlamp for African hunting.
• A person who has suffered a traumatic shock can get hypothermia so will need to be kept warm. A durable Emergency Mylar Thermal Blanket can be wrapped around an injured person or used as a shelter providing reflected heat from a fire. They are designed to retain up to 90% of body heat. Choose one that is large enough to cover the whole body and is not too flimsy or easily ripped. For a more substantial emergency blanket, an All Weather Blanket designed with direct weave technology that traps air for better heat retention and is far sturdier than a basic foil blanket.
• Garbage bags can also be used as a groundsheet, shelter or raincoat. (They are also good for putting one on each leg to wade across small rivers etc.) Get the largest and strongest bags.
• Add a reel of 2" duct tape which, along with a myriad of other uses, can be used to stick a space blanket securely around an injured person, forming a cocoon.
• It's usually not too difficult to start a fire in the African bush with regular matches or a lighter, to give you light, warmth, protection from animals, boiling water, cooking, sterilizing and drying clothes or equipment. However, in less clement weather you might need super matches like UCO Titan Stormproof Matches which once lit, will keep their flame in high winds or heavy downpours. Alternatively, a pocket or key-ring Fire Starter will do the trick.
• It's always a good idea to carry some high energy food and electrolyte drink tablets, such as GU Energy Gel and Nuun Electrolyte Hydration Tablets
• If you run out of the water you've brought with you, a LifeStraw Personal Water Filter is essential to prevent hyperthermia (heatstroke or heat exhaustion) and dehydration. It is a compact, light solution for clean drinking water in the field and unlike others, there are no batteries or chemicals. It removes 99.99% of bacteria and parasites from water.
• Put a few Instant Clotting Flex-Fabric Plasters into your pack or small wounds. They stop bleeding fast and do not stick to the wound.

If you have a medical condition, don't forget to add your important personal medications to your carry-with first aid pouch. These may include diabetic medication, extra sugar/glucose, heart or blood pressure meds, pain killers, antiobiotics, anti-diarrhoeal tabs and an epipen if necessary.

What To Put In Your Second First Aid Pouch

This pouch could be left in the hunting truck or back at camp, depending on your hunt plan for the day. The items are useful for injuries but not crucial to save a life if you've deployed your Israeli bandage and/or Quikclot correctly.

A couple of packets of Sterile Gauze which expands, is lightweight and strong. It can be used to pack a wound or wrap round a wound as a bandage for absorption and compression. Currently sterile gauzes of all brands are unavailable on Amazon.com

The compressed Triangular Bandage can be used as a sling, to secure a splint, as a pressure dressing, tourniquet or chest bandage. It comes with 2 heavy duty safety pins.

Burn injuries are not uncommon in a hunting camp, especially wilderness camps that use fires to heat drums of hot water for showers.

The Burnshield burn dressing is a versatile foam dressing which provides essential immediate treatment and protection following a burn. The dressing is saturated with a sterile, water-based gel which cools the skin by minimizing trauma or tissue damage. It is non-adhesive.

Antibacterial Hand Wipes are good for cleaning your hands at any time but especially when used before you attend to a wound on yourself or anyone else.

A good pair of first aid Tweezers can be used to remove debris from wounds such as splinters, glass and dirt. They can also be used to remove bee stings and ticks.

Rather than tweezers, you could use a tick removal tool such as Tick Key which handles ticks of all sizes. Put the opening over the body of tick, slide it up to the head and lift. The entire tick is removed, including the head. The idea is to lift not twist the tick off.

Take a few Alcohol Swabs to clean and prevent infection in minor cuts and scrapes, as well as cleaning an injection site. Despite sealed packaging, these pads can dry out, so get new ones for each safari.

Blister plasters, low friction tape and patches. Learn more about blister prevention

Steri-Strip Reinforced Skin Closures are a must-have for cuts which look like they need stitching. They are placed over a cut, drawing the edges together. They do not adhere too well if there is a lot of bleeding, so dry the sides of the wound before applying the steri-strips at right-angles to the cut.

• Some African hunters, usually medics themselves, will always take a small pouch of sterile intravenous equipment - IV giving set, IV cannulae, syringes and hypodermic needles, sutures etc. These kits are particularly useful in parts of Africa where you cannot necessarily trust medical equipment sterility or quality, should you need treatment in a local hospital or clinic. If you are not trained in the use of these items, such as contained in the Lifesystems Sterile Pro Kit, it is best to hand the pack to a qualified person to use.
• There is nothing much worse than having a rip-roaring toothache while hunting in Africa which is why it is recommended you get a dental check-up and any treatment well before leaving for your hunt. However, if you do get dental pain, a broken tooth or a loose filling or crown, you should be able to use a dental first aid kit to alleviate symptoms until you can get to a dentist.

  More than anything, relieving debilitating tooth pain is the priority. Along with taking simple pain killers like Ibuprofen, the Dentek Instant Oral Pain Relief comes with benzocaine and applicators to reach the painful tooth area which is then numbed giving temporary pain relief. Do not use this product if you are allergic any of the ingredients of benzocaine and check first with your doctor if you are on any other medication which may interact with it.

  If you need to temporarily fix a broken crown or lost filling, you may the Maximum Strength Loose Cap and Lost Filling Repair which contains amongst other things, dental cavity material is a temporary remedy used to replace a lost filling, cap, crown or inlay until you have a chance to visit a dentist. Note, once applied the filling material should only be removed by a dentist. .

With any luck you will not need to use most of these emergency first aid items on your African hunts. So as you pack for your next hunt, always check the expiry dates and whether the packages of sterile items are still intact.

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Page Updated: Feb 2024